Publications

Convective storms and mesoscale meteorology

  • Williams, I. N., & Fieweger, G. N. (2026). Mechanisms of projected changes in thunderstorm downburst environments across the United States. Geophysical Research Letters, 53, e2025GL117925. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL117925

     

  • Dai, Y., Nolan, D. S., Torn, M. S., Williams, I. N., & Collins, W. D. (2025). Sensitivity of tropical cyclone intensity projections to longwave radiation. Climate Dynamics, 63(6), 239.

     

  • Dai, Y., Torn, M.S., Williams, I.N., and Collins, W.D. (2023), Longwave radiative effects beyond the initial intensification phase of tropical cyclones, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-22-0214.1.

     

  • Dai, Y., and Williams, I.N. (2022) Land surface effects on shear balance of squall lines, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035436.

     

  • Dai, Y., Williams, I.N., and Qiu, S. (2021), Simulating the effects of surface energy partitioning on convective organization: Case study and observations in the US Southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033821

 

  • Qiu, S., and Williams, I.N. (2020), Observational evidence of state-dependent positive and negative land-surface feedback on deep convection, Geophysical Research Letters, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL086622.

 

  • Williams, I.N. (2019), Evaluating soil moisture feedback on convective triggering: Roles of convective and land-model parameterizations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029326

Atmospheric boundary layer and land-atmosphere interactions

  • Castillo, J., & Williams, I. N. (2025). Evaluation of Monin-Obukhov similarity theory wind profiles in convective storm environments and cold pools at the ARM Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Observatory. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 130, e2025JD043659. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043659

     

  • Colston, S., and Williams, I.N. (2024). Convectively induced secondary circulations and wind-driven heat fluxes in the surface energy balance over land. Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL110565. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110565

     

  • Williams, I.N., and Qiu, S. (2022), Long‐Term Observations of Turbulence Vertical Velocity Spectra in a Convective Mixed Layer: Dependence on Land‐Surface Forcing in the US Southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037137.

     

  • Williams, I.N., Lee, J., Tadic, J, Zhang, Y., Chu, H. (2020), Modeling spatial heterogeneity in surface turbulent heat flux in the US Southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032255.

 

  • Phillips, T.J., Klein, S.A., Ma, H.-Y., Tang, Q., Xie, S., Williams, I.N., ... (2017), Using ARM observations to evaluate climate model simulations of land-atmosphere coupling in the U.S. Southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 11,524–11,548, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027141.

 

  • Bagley, J.E., Kueppers, L.M., Billesbach, D.P. , Williams, I.N., Biraud, S.C. , and Torn, M.S.  (2017), The influence of land cover on surface energy partitioning and evaporative fraction regimes in the U.S. Southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 122, 5793–5807, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD026740.

 

  • Williams, I.N., Lu, Y., Kueppers, L.M., Riley, W.J., Biraud, S.C., Bagley, J.E., and Torn, M.S. (2016), Land‐atmosphere coupling and climate prediction over the U.S. Southern Great Plains, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 121, 12,125– 12,144, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD025223.

 

  • Williams, I.N., Riley, W.J., Kueppers, L.M., Biraud, S.C., and Torn, M.S. (2016), Separating the effects of phenology and diffuse radiation on gross primary productivity in winter wheat, J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosciences, 121, 19031915, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003317.

 

  • Williams, I.N., and Torn, M.S. (2015), Vegetation controls on surface heat flux partitioning, and land-atmosphere coupling, Geophysical Research Letters, 42, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066305.

Climate dynamics and climate change

  • Williams, I.N., and Patricola, C.M. (2018), Diversity of ENSO Events Unified by Convective Threshold Sea Surface Temperature: A Nonlinear ENSO Index. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079203.

     

  • Williams, I.N., and Pierrehumbert, R.T. (2017), Observational evidence against strongly stabilizing tropical cloud feedbacks, Geophysical Research Letters, 44, https://doi:10.1002/2016GL072202.

 

  • Williams, I.N., Torn, M.S., Riley, W.J., and Wehner, M.F. (2014), Impacts of climate extremes on gross primary production under global warming, Environmental Research Letters, 9 (9), 094011, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/9/094011.

 

  • Williams, I.N., and Colucci, S.J. (2010), Characteristics of baroclinic wave packets during strong and weak stratospheric polar vortex events, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 67(10), 3190- 3207, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JAS3279.1.

 

  • Williams, I.N., Pierrehumbert, R.T., Huber, M. (2009), Global warming, convective threshold and false thermostats, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL039849.

Atmospheric carbon cycle

  • Tadić, J.M., Williams, I.N., Tadić, V.M., Biraud, S.C. (2019), Towards Hyper-Dimensional Variography Using the Product-Sum Covariance Model. Atmosphere, 10, 148.

 

  • Lu, Y., Williams, I.N., Bagley, J.E., Torn, M.S., and Kueppers, L.M. (2017), Representing winter wheat in the Community Land Model (version 4.5), Geosci. Model Dev., 10, 1873-1888.

 

  • Williams, I.N., Riley, W.J., Torn, M.S., Biraud, S.C., and Fischer, M.L (2014), Biases in regional carbon budgets from covariation of surface fluxes and weather in transport model inversions, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14 (3), 1571-1585, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1571-2014.

 

  • Williams, I.N., Riley, W.J., Torn, M.S., Berry, J.A., and Biraud, S.C. (2011), Using boundary layer equilibrium to reduce uncertainties in transport models and CO2 flux inversions, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 9631-9641, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9631-2011.